Publications

Gays F, Koh AS, Mickiewicz KM, Aust JG, Brooks CG. 
Comprehensive analysis of transcript start sites in Ly49 genes reveals an unexpected relationship with gene function and a lack of upstream promoters. 
PLoS One. 2011 Mar 31;6(3):e18475.  Abstract  PDF

Kveberg L, Dai KZ, Inngjerdingen M, Brooks CG, Fossum S, Vaage JT. 
Phylogenetic and functional conservation of the NKR-P1F and NKR-P1G receptors in rat and mouse. 
Immunogenetics. 63, 429-36, 2011.  Abstract  PDF

Aust JG, Gays F, Hussain F, Butcher GW, Kist R, Peters H, Brooks CG. 
Mice Lacking Ly49E Show Normal NK Cell Development and Provide Evidence for Probabilistic Expression of Ly49E in NK Cells and T Cells. 
J Immunol. 186, 2013-23, 2011.  Abstract  PDF

Fortenbery NR, Paraiso KH, Taniguchi M, Brooks C, Ibrahim L, Kerr WG. 
SHIP influences signals from CD48 and MHC class I ligands that regulate NK cell homeostasis, effector function, and repertoire formation. 
J Immunol. 184, 5065-5074, 2010.  Abstract  PDF

Aust, J.G., Gays, F., Mickiewicz, K.M., Buchanan, E., and Brooks, C.G.
The expression and function of the NKRP1 receptor family in C57 mice. 
J. Immunol. 183, 106-116, 2009.  Abstract  PDF

Gays, F., Aust, J.G.,  Reid, D.M., Falconer, J., Toyama-Sorimachi, N., Taylor, P.R., and Brooks, C.G.
Ly49B is expressed on multiple subpopulations of myeloid cells.
J. Immunol.  177, 5840-5851, 2006. Abstract PDF

Rouhi A, Brooks CG, Takei F, Mager DL.
Plasticity of Ly49g expression is due to epigenetics.
Mol Immunol. 44, 821-826, 2006. Abstract PDF

Brooks, C.G., Anderson, S.K., and Makrigiannis, A.P.
Ly49E.
AfCS Nature Molecule Pages. 2006. PDF

Brooks, C.G., Anderson, S.K., and Makrigiannis, A.P.
Ly49F.
AfCS Nature Molecule Pages. 2006 . PDF

Ugrinovic, S., Brooks,  C.G., Robson, J., Blacklaws, B.A., Hormaeche, C.E., Robinson, J.H.
H2-M3 major histocompatibility complex class Ib-restricted CD8 T cells induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection recognize proteins released by Salmonella serovar Typhimurium.
Infect Immun. 73, 8002-8008, 2005. Abstract PDF

Gays, F., Kenefeck, R., Martin, K, Aust, J.G. and Brooks, C.G.
IL2 and IL15 induce the progressive stochastic acquisition of Ly49E by mature NK cells.
J. Immunol. 175, 2938-2947, 2005. Abstract PDF Correction

Toomey, J.A., Gays, F., Foster, D., and Brooks, C.G.
Cytokine requirements for the growth and development of immature and mature mouse NK cells in vitro.
J. Leuk. Biol. 74, 233-242, 2003. Abstract Key Data  PDF

Fraser, K.P., Gays, F., Robinson, J.H., van Beneden, K., Leclercq, G., Vance, R.E., Raulet, D.H., and Brooks, C.G.
NK cells developing in vitro from immature progenitors express at least one member of the Ly49 family that is acquired in a time-dependent and stochastic manner independently of CD94 and NKG2.
Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 868-78, 2002. Abstract Key Data PDF

Gays, F., Fraser, K.P., Toomey, J.A., Diamond, A.G., Millrain, M.M., Dyson, P.J., and Brooks, C.G.
Functional analysis of the molecular factors controlling Qa1-mediated protection of target cells from NK lysis.
J. Immunol. 166, 1601-1610, 2001. Abstract Key Data PDF

Gays, F., Unnikrishnan, M., Shrestha, S., Fraser, K.P., Brown, A.R., Tristram, C.M.G., Chrzanowska-Lightowlers, Z.M.A., and Brooks, C.G.
The tumor cell lines EL4 and RMA display mosaic expression of NK related and certain other surface molecules and appear to have a common origin.
J. Immunol. 164, 5094-5102, 2000. Abstract PDF

Brooks, C.G., and Spits, H.
NK cells and LAK cells.
In “Haematopoietic and lymphoid cell culture”, ed. Dallman, M.J. and Lamb, J.R. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press. 147-164, 2000.

Spits, H., and Brooks, C.G.
T cells.
In “Haematopoietic and lymphoid cell culture”, ed. Dallman, M.J. and Lamb, J.R. Cambridge University Press. 71-89, 2000.

Brooks, C. G.
Cloning and culturing of natural killer cells.
Methods Mol Biol 121, 13-24, 2000.

Toomey, J.A., Salcedo, M., Cotterill, L.A., Millrain, M.M., Chrzanowska-Lightowlers, Z, Lawry, J., Fraser, K.P., Gays, F., Robinson, J.H., Shrestha, S., Dyson, P.J., and Brooks, C.G.
Stochastic acquisition of Qa1 receptors during the development of NK cells in vitro accounts in part but not in whole for the ability of these cells to distinguish between class I sufficient and class I deficient targets.
J. Immunol. 163, 3176-3184, 1999. Abstract PDF

Brooks, C.G.
NK cells, a class I act.
Immunology News 5, 249-250, 1998 Full Text

Manoussaka, M.S., Smith, R.J., Conlin, V., Toomey, J.A., and Brooks, C.G.
Immature NK cell clones are deficient in Ly49 expression, share a common broad lytic specificity, and undergo continuous and extensive diversification in vitro.
J. Immunol. 160, 2197-2206, 1998. Abstract PDF

Toomey, J.A., Shrestha, S., de la Rue, S.A., Gays, F., Robinson, J.H., Chrzanowska-Lightowlers, Z., and Brooks, C.G.
MHC class I expression protects target cells from lysis by Ly49-deficient NK cells.
Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 47-56, 1998. Abstract PDF

Duhindan, N., Farley, A.J., Humphreys, S., Parker, C., Rossiter, B., and Brooks, C.G.
Patterns of lymphokine secretion amongst gamma-delta T cell clones.
Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 1704-1712, 1997. Abstract

Manoussaka, M., Georgiou, A., Rossiter, B., Shrestha, S., Toomey, J.A., Sivakumar, P.V., Bennett, M., Kumar, V., and Brooks, C.G.
NK cell lines of different maturational status can be obtained from liver.
Biochemical Society Transactions 25, 174S, 1997.

Manoussaka, M., Georgiou, A., Rossiter, B., Shrestha, S., Toomey, J.A., Sivakumar, P.V., Bennett, M., Kumar, V., and Brooks, C.G.
Phenotypic and functional characterization of long lived NK cell lines of different maturational status.
J. Immunol. 158, 112-119, 1997. Abstract PDF

Jones, S.H., Georgiou, A. and Brooks, C.G.
Analysis of the functional potential of CD4+ T cells using a high efficiency cloning system.
Cell. Immunol. 154, 407-419, 1994. Abstract PDF

Brooks, C.G., Georgiou, A. and Jordan, R.K.
The majority of immature thymocytes can be induced to proliferate to IL2 and differentiate into cells indistinguishable from mature NK cells.
J. Immunol. 151, 6645-6656, 1993. Abstract PDF

Robinson, J.H., Case, M.C. and Brooks C.G.
Palmitic acid conjugation of a protein antigen enhances MHC class II restricted presentation to T cells.
Immunology 76, 593-598, 1992. Abstract

Holscher, M., Givan, A. and Brooks, C.G.
The effect of transfected MHC class I genes on sensitivity to natural killer cells.
Immunology 73, 44-51, 1991. Abstract

Wood, P.M.D., Jordan, R.K., Givan, A.L. and Brooks, C.G.
IL3 and IL4 affect thymocyte differentiation in organ culture.
Immunology 71, 83-89, 1990. Abstract

Brooks, C.G. and Holscher, M.
Cell surface molecules involved in NK recognition by cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
J.Immunol. 138: 1331-1338, 1987. Abstract PDF

Chou, H.S., Behlke, M.A., Godambe, S.A., Russell, J.H., Brooks, C.G. and Loh, D.Y.
T cell receptor genes in an alloreactive CTL clone: implications for rearrangement and germline diversity of variable gene segments.
EMBO Journal 5: 2149-2155, 1986. Abstract

Brooks, C.G.
A study of the functional potential of T cell clones.
Current Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 126: 79-91, 1986.

Brooks, C.G.
NK cell cloning technology and characteristics of NK cell clones.
In: "Immunobiology of Natural Killer Cells, Vol. II", (Lotzova, E. and Herberman, R.B., Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1986.

Brooks, C.G. and Henney, C.S.
Interleukin-2 and the regulation of natural killer cell activity in cultured cell populations.
In: "The Interleukins", Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology, (Gillis, S., and Inman, F.P. Eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 63-92, 1985.

Brooks, C.G.
NK cells and T cell differentiation.
In: "Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity by NK Cells". (Herberman, R.B. and Callewaert, D.M., Eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 645-654, 1985.

Kay, H.D., Goldfarb, R., Wayner, E.A. and Brooks, C.G.
No confirmed role for reactive oxygen intermediates in NK-mediated cytotoxicity.
In: "Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity by NK Cells", (Herberman, R.B., and Callewaert, D.M., Eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 263-286, 1985.

Seaman, W.E., Woodcock, J. and Brooks, C.G.
The potential role of arachidonic acid metabolism in natural killer cell activity.
In: "Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity by NK Cells", (Herberman, R.B. and Callewaert, D.M., Eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 245-252, 1985.

Wayner, E.A. and Brooks, C.G.
An investigation of the role of soluble cytotoxic factors and reactive oxygen intermediates in lysis by NK cells.
In: "Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity II", (Henkart, P., and Marte E., Eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 221-235, 1985.

Ristow, S.S, Starkey, J.R., Stanford, D.R., Davis, W.C. and Brooks, C.G.
Cell surface thiols, but not intracellular glutathione, are essential for cytolysis by a cloned natural killer cell line.
Immunol. Invest. 14: 401-414, 1985. Abstract

Galli, S.J., Brooks, C.G., Dvorak, A.M. and Ishizaka, T.
Lack of detectable immunoglobulin E receptor expression on 33 of 34 cell lines with natural killer-like or cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity.
Cell Immunol. 96: 223-230, 1985. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Holscher, M. and Urdal, D.
Natural killer activity in cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes: regulation by interleukin-2, interferon and specific antigen.
J.Immunol. 135: 1145-1152, 1985. Abstract PDF

Wayner, E.A. and Brooks, C.G.
An investigation of the role of soluble cytotoxic factors and reactive oxygen intermediates in lysis by NK cells.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 184:221-38, 1985. Abstract

Wayner, E.A. and Brooks, C.G.
Mycoplasma-infected tumor cells induce an NKCF-like activity in spleen cell supernatants.
J.Immunol. 132: 2135-2142, 1984. Abstract PDF

Brooks, C.G.
Reversible induction of natural killer cell activity in cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Nature 305: 155-158, 1983. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Burton, R.C., Pollack, S.B. and Henney, C.S.
The presence of NK alloantigens on cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
J.Immunol. 131: 1391-1395, 1983. Abstract PDF

Olabuenaga, S., Brooks, C.G., Gillis, S. and Henney, C.S.
Interleukin-2 is not sufficient for the continuous growth of cloned NK- like cytotoxic cell lines.
J.Immunol. 131: 2386-2391, 1983. Abstract PDF

Brooks, C.G., Urdal, D. and Henney, C.S.
Lymphokine-driven "differentiation" of cytotoxic T cell clones into cells with NK-like specificity: Correlations with display of membrane macromolecules.
Immunol.Rev. 72: 43-72, 1983.

Kawase, I., Brooks, C.G., Kuribayashi, K., Newman, W., Gillis, S. and Henney, C.S.
Interleukin-2 induces gamma-interferon production: participation of macrophages and NK-like cells.
J.Immunol. 131, 288-292, 1983. Abstract PDF

Kawase, I., Brooks, C.G., Kuribayashi, K., Newman, W., Gillis, S. and Henney, C.S.
Interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon production.
In: "B and T cell tumors", (Vitetta, E., Ed.), Academic Press, New York, p. 396, 1982.

Brooks, C.G. and Henney, C.S.
Cloned cell lines with NK cell characteristics.
B and T cell tumors, (Vitetta, E., Ed.), Academic Press, New York, p. 167, 1982.

Brooks, C.G., Kuribayashi, K., Olabuenaga, S., Feng, M-F. and Henney, C.S.
Characterization of cloned cell lines having high cytolytic activity against YAC-1 targets.
In: "Natural Cell-Mediated Immunity", vol. 2, (R.B. Herberman, Ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 851-858, 1982.

Kawase, I., Urdal, D.L., Brooks, C.G. and Henney, C.S.
The effect of selective NK cell depletion on the growth of NK sensitivie and resistant lymphoma cell variants.
In: "Natural Cell-Mediated Immunity", vol. 2, (R.B. Herberman, Ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 1339-1345, 1982.

Kawase, I., Urdal, D.L., Brooks, C.G. and Henney, C.S.
Selective depletion of NK activity in vivo and its effect on the growth of NK sensitive and NK resistant tumor cell variants.
Int.J.Cancer, 29, 567-577, 1982. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Kuribaryashi, K., Sale, G.E. and Henney, C.S.
Characterization of five cloned cell lines showing high cytolytic activity against YAC-1 cells.
J.Immunol. 128: 2326-2335, 1982. Abstract PDF

Brooks, C.G., Flannery, G.R., Cantrell, D.A., Gray, J.D., Robins, R.A. and Baldwin, R.W.
NK cells active against lymphoma and sarcoma target cells are probably identical.
J.Immunol. 128: 913-919, 1982. PDF

Cantrell, D.A., Robins, R.A., Brooks, C.G. and Baldwin, R.W.
Phenotype of natural killer cells defined by monoclonal antibodies marking lymphocyte subsets.
Immunology, 45: 97-104, 1982. Abstract

Flannery, G.R. and Brooks, C.G.
Quantitative studies of natural immunity to solid tumours. NK activity in individuals with primary or spontaneous tumours.
Int.J.Cancer 28: 747-756, 1981. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Wayner, E.A., Webb, P.J., Gray, J.D., Kenwrick, S. and Baldwin, R.W.
The specificity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic macrophages on solid tumor-derived target cells and selected variants.
J.Immunol. 127: 2477-2483, 1981. PDF

Brooks, C.G, Flannery, G.R., Willmott, N., Austin, E.B., Kenwrick, S. and Baldwin, R.W.
Tumour cells in metastatic deposits with altered sensitivity to natural killer cells.
Int.J.Cancer. 28: 191-198, 1981. Abstract

Gray, J.D., Brooks, C.G. and Baldwin, R.W.
Detection of either rapidly cytolytic macrophages or NK cells in 'activated' peritoneal exudates depends on the method of analysis and the target cell type.
Immunology 42: 561-568, 1981. Abstract

Gray, J.D. and Brooks, C.G.
The induction of cytotoxic macrophages and natural killer cells.
Cell.Immunol. 53: 405-412, 1980.

Brooks, C.G., Flannery, G.R., Webb, P.J. and Baldwin, R.W.
Quantitative study of natural immunity to solid tumours. The nature of the killer cell depends on the type of assay.
Immunology 41: 673-680, 1980. Abstract

Webb, P.J., Brooks, C.G. and Baldwin, R.W.
Macrophage-like suppressor cells. II. Evidence for a quantitative rather than a qualitative change in tumour-bearers.
Cell.Immunol. 52: 381-394, 1980.

Webb, P.J. and Brooks, C.G.
Macrophage-like suppressor cells. I. Inhibition of natural macrophage-like suppressor cells by red blood cells.
Cell.Immunol. 52: 370-380, 1980.

Brooks, C.G., Webb, P.J., Robins, R.A., Robinson, G. Baldwin, R.W. and Festing, M.F.W.
Studies on the immunobiology of rnu/rnu "nude" donors with congenital aplasia of the thymus.
Eur.J.Immunol. 10: 58-65, 1980.

Brooks, C.G. and Flannery, G.R.
Quantitative studies of natural immunity to solid tumours. Persistence of natural immunity throughout reproductive life, and absence of suppressor cells in infants.
Immunology 39: 187-194, 1980. Abstract

Robins, R.A., Rees, R.C., Brooks, C.G. and Baldwin, R.W.
Spontaneous development of cytotoxic activity in cultured lymph node cells from tumour-bearers.
Br.J.Cancer 39, 659-666, 1979. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Rees, R.C. and Leach, R.H.
High nonspecific reactivity of normal lymphocytes against mycoplasma-infected target cells in cytotoxicity assays.
Eur.J.Immunol. 9: 159-165, 1979. Abstract

Brooks, C.G.
Studies on the microcytotoxicity test. III. Comparison of ⁷⁵Se-selenomethionine with ³H-proline, Na ₂ ⁵¹Cr0₄ and ¹²⁵I-iododeoxyuridine for pre-labelling target cells in long-term cytotoxicity assays.
J.Immunol.Meth. 22: 23-36, 1978. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Rees, R.C. and Robins, R.A.
Studies on the microcytotoxicity test. II. The uptake of amino acids (³H-leucine or ⁷⁵Se-methionine) but not nucleosides (³H-thymidine or ¹²⁵I-IUdR) or ⁵¹ Cr0₄ provides a direct and quantitative measure of target cell survival in the presence of lymphoid cells.
J.Immunol.Meth. 21: 111-124, 1978. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Rees, R.C. and Baldwin, R.W.
Studies on the microcytotoxicity test. I. Evidence that the effects of normal lymphoid cells on tumor cell growth in microtest plates may be caused by non-immunological modification of the culture medium.
Int.J.Cancer 18: 778-786, 1976. Abstract

Brooks, C.G.
Induction of neonatal transplantation tolerance. Do MLC antigens provide the major barrier?
Transplantation 21: 347-350, 1976.

Brent, L., Brooks, C.G., Medawar, P.B. and Simpson, E.
Transplantation tolerance.
Brit.Med.Bull. 32: 101-106, 1976.

Rees, R.C., Brooks, C.G. and McVeagh, J.
The use of cell harvesters in microcytotoxicity tests.
Dynatech Application Information 1976.

Brooks, C.G.
Neonatally induced transplantation tolerance: In vitro evidence supporting a clonal inactivation mechanism.
Eur.J.Immunol. 5: 741-747, 1975. Abstract

Brooks, C.G.
The effects of cell density, incubation temperature, syngeneic serum, and syngeneic red blood cells on lymphocyte responses in vitro.
J.Immunol.Meth. 9: 171-184, 1975. Abstract

Brooks, C.G., Brent, L., Kilshaw, P.J., New R.R.C. and Pinto, M.
Specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts. IV. Immunological reactivity following treatment with liver extracts, Bordetella pertussis, and antilymphocyte serum.
Transplantation 19: 134 -144, 1975.

Beverley, P.C.L., Brent, L., Brooks, C., Medawar, P.B. and Simpson, E.
In vitro reactivity of lymphoid cells from tolerant donors.
Transplant. Proc. 5: 679-684, 1973.

Brent, L., Brooks, C., Lubling, N. and Thomas, A.V.
Attempts to demonstrate an in vitro role for serum blocking factors in the tolerant state.
Transplantation 14: 382-387, 1972.