b) The structures are identical since rotation of the second structure around the C=C as indicated generates the first structure. In the structures shown below, note how as the second structure rotates it periodically becomes identical to the first structure. c) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity Cl-CH=CH-Cl) The structures are not enantiomers of one another (they are not mirror images of one another) Therefore, since the structures are stereoisomers but are not enantiomers, they must be diastereomers. d) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures have different connectivities (both chlorine atoms are attached to the same carbon in the left hand structure, but they are attached to different carbon atoms in the right hand structure) Therefore, the structures are constitutional isomers. e) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. f) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. g) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. (If you thought the two structures were enatiomers, then you have fallen into the trap of thinking that any two structures which contain a stereocentre and are drawn differently are enantiomers.) h) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity; a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, and methoxy group) The structures are mirror images of one another (see diagram below) Therefore, the structures are enantiomers If you are not convinced that these two structures are non-superimposable, try rotating either of the structures shown below to make it identical to the other structure. back to CHAPTER 1 back to answers to problems back to STEREOCHEMISTRY home page
b) The structures are identical since rotation of the second structure around the C=C as indicated generates the first structure. In the structures shown below, note how as the second structure rotates it periodically becomes identical to the first structure.
c) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity Cl-CH=CH-Cl) The structures are not enantiomers of one another (they are not mirror images of one another) Therefore, since the structures are stereoisomers but are not enantiomers, they must be diastereomers. d) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures have different connectivities (both chlorine atoms are attached to the same carbon in the left hand structure, but they are attached to different carbon atoms in the right hand structure) Therefore, the structures are constitutional isomers. e) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. f) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. g) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. (If you thought the two structures were enatiomers, then you have fallen into the trap of thinking that any two structures which contain a stereocentre and are drawn differently are enantiomers.) h) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity; a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, and methoxy group) The structures are mirror images of one another (see diagram below) Therefore, the structures are enantiomers If you are not convinced that these two structures are non-superimposable, try rotating either of the structures shown below to make it identical to the other structure. back to CHAPTER 1 back to answers to problems back to STEREOCHEMISTRY home page
c) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity Cl-CH=CH-Cl) The structures are not enantiomers of one another (they are not mirror images of one another)
Therefore, since the structures are stereoisomers but are not enantiomers, they must be diastereomers.
d) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures have different connectivities (both chlorine atoms are attached to the same carbon in the left hand structure, but they are attached to different carbon atoms in the right hand structure)
Therefore, the structures are constitutional isomers.
e) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question.
f) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. g) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. (If you thought the two structures were enatiomers, then you have fallen into the trap of thinking that any two structures which contain a stereocentre and are drawn differently are enantiomers.) h) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity; a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, and methoxy group) The structures are mirror images of one another (see diagram below) Therefore, the structures are enantiomers If you are not convinced that these two structures are non-superimposable, try rotating either of the structures shown below to make it identical to the other structure. back to CHAPTER 1 back to answers to problems back to STEREOCHEMISTRY home page
f) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question.
g) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question. (If you thought the two structures were enatiomers, then you have fallen into the trap of thinking that any two structures which contain a stereocentre and are drawn differently are enantiomers.) h) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity; a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, and methoxy group) The structures are mirror images of one another (see diagram below) Therefore, the structures are enantiomers If you are not convinced that these two structures are non-superimposable, try rotating either of the structures shown below to make it identical to the other structure. back to CHAPTER 1 back to answers to problems back to STEREOCHEMISTRY home page
g) The structures are identical. You should be able to rotate the structure shown below to match both of the structures in the question.
(If you thought the two structures were enatiomers, then you have fallen into the trap of thinking that any two structures which contain a stereocentre and are drawn differently are enantiomers.)
h) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity; a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, and methoxy group) The structures are mirror images of one another (see diagram below) Therefore, the structures are enantiomers If you are not convinced that these two structures are non-superimposable, try rotating either of the structures shown below to make it identical to the other structure. back to CHAPTER 1 back to answers to problems back to STEREOCHEMISTRY home page
h) The structures are not identical The structures are isomers of one another (they have the same molecular formula) The structures are stereoisomers of one another (they have the same connectivity; a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, and methoxy group) The structures are mirror images of one another (see diagram below)
Therefore, the structures are enantiomers
If you are not convinced that these two structures are non-superimposable, try rotating either of the structures shown below to make it identical to the other structure.
back to CHAPTER 1 back to answers to problems back to STEREOCHEMISTRY home page