Welding Faults and Defects
Responses of Materials to Welding
Defects in Welds
Porosity
Reduction of Porosity
Crater pipes/Microporosity
Inclusions
Lack of Fusion/Penetration
Stresses and Distortion
Distortion
Residual Stress
Magnitude of Stresses Generated
Factors Promoting Hot Cracking
Solidification Cracking
Factors Promoting Cold Cracking
Lamellar Tearing
Reheat Cracking
Email: s.j.bull@ncl.ac.uk
Home Page: http://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/s.j.bull