C8th - C10th | Viking era |
874 | Settlement of Iceland |
c. 900 - 1000 | Formation of kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden |
c. 985 | Expedition of Eric the Red to Greenland |
C. 1000 | Expedition of Leif Ericsson to 'Vinland' (N. America) |
C9th - C10th | Conversion to Christianity |
1030-5 | Empire of Cnut the Great (Denmark, England, Norway) |
1066 | Death of Harald Hardrada of Norway at Stamfordbridge |
By C13th | Orkneys, Shetlands, Hebrides, Iceland and Greenland under Norwegian rule |
1397 | Union of Kalmar (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) |
1520 | 'Stockholm bloodbath' |
1523 | Gustav Vasa elected king of Sweden |
1520s - '40s | Lutheranism introduced into the Scandinavian countries |
1600 | Swedish invasion of Livonia |
1611 | Gustavus Adolphus king of Sweden |
1630 | Swedish intervention in Thirty Years War |
1632 | Death of Gustavus Adolphus |
1654 | Abdication of Queen Christina of Sweden |
1658-60 | Denmark loses province of Skåne to Sweden |
Late C17th | Establishment of royal absolutism - Frederick III of Denmark; Charles XI of Sweden |
1697-1718 | Charles XII (last great Swedish military king) |
1709 | Charles XII defeated at Poltava |
1721 | Peace of Nystad - end of Sweden's Baltic empire |
1718-72 | Swedish 'age of freedom' |
1788 | Abolition of serfdom in Denmark |
1772 | Coup by Gustavus III of Sweden, re-establishing royal absolutism |
1792 | Assassination of Gustavus III |
1801 | Battle of Copenhagen - Nelson |
1807 | British bombardment of Copenhagen and seizure of Danish fleet |
1809 | Sweden loses Finland to Russia. Diet of Porvoo confirms Finnish liberties |
1810 | French Marshal Bernadotte elected Swedish crown prince |
1814 | Treaty of Kiel: Sweden gains Norway from Denmark; 17 May: Norwegian constitution |
1818 | Bernadotte becomes King Karl XIV Johan of Sweden |
1848-9 | Danish-German wars over Schleswig-Holstein |
1864 | Danish-German war: loss of Schleswig-Holstein |
1905 | End of Swedish-Norwegian union |
1917 | Finland becomes independent |
1939-40 | Soviet-Finnish Winter War |
1940-5 | Denmark and Norway under German occupation |
1944 | Iceland becomes independent |
1948 | Finnish-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Cooperation |
1949 | Denmark and Norway join NATO |
1973 | Denmark joins EEC |
1991 | Collapse of USSR; end of Finnish-Soviet Treaty |
1995 | Sweden and Finland join EU; Norway stays out |