| C8th - C10th
| Viking era
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| 874 | Settlement of Iceland
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| c. 900 - 1000
| Formation of kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden
|
| c. 985 |
Expedition of Eric the Red to Greenland
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| C. 1000 |
Expedition of Leif Ericsson to 'Vinland' (N. America)
|
| C9th - C10th
| Conversion to Christianity
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| 1030-5 |
Empire of Cnut the Great (Denmark, England, Norway)
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| 1066 | Death of Harald Hardrada of Norway at Stamfordbridge
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| By C13th |
Orkneys, Shetlands, Hebrides, Iceland and Greenland under Norwegian rule
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| 1397 | Union of Kalmar (Denmark, Norway, Sweden)
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| 1520 | 'Stockholm bloodbath'
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| 1523 |
Gustav Vasa elected king of Sweden
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| 1520s - '40s
| Lutheranism introduced into the Scandinavian countries
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| 1600 | Swedish invasion of Livonia
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| 1611 | Gustavus Adolphus king of Sweden
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| 1630 | Swedish intervention in Thirty Years War
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| 1632 | Death of Gustavus Adolphus
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| 1654 | Abdication of Queen Christina of Sweden
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| 1658-60 |
Denmark loses province of Skåne to Sweden
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| Late C17th
| Establishment of royal absolutism - Frederick III of Denmark; Charles XI of Sweden
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| 1697-1718 |
Charles XII (last great Swedish military king)
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| 1709 | Charles XII defeated at Poltava
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| 1721 | Peace of Nystad - end of Sweden's Baltic empire
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| 1718-72 |
Swedish 'age of freedom'
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| 1788 | Abolition of serfdom in Denmark
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| 1772 | Coup by Gustavus III of Sweden, re-establishing royal absolutism
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| 1792 | Assassination of Gustavus III
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| 1801 | Battle of Copenhagen - Nelson
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| 1807 | British bombardment of Copenhagen and seizure of Danish fleet
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| 1809 | Sweden loses Finland to Russia. Diet of Porvoo confirms Finnish liberties
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| 1810 | French Marshal Bernadotte elected Swedish crown prince
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| 1814 | Treaty of Kiel: Sweden gains Norway from Denmark; 17 May: Norwegian constitution
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| 1818 | Bernadotte becomes King Karl XIV Johan of Sweden
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| 1848-9 |
Danish-German wars over Schleswig-Holstein
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| 1864 | Danish-German war: loss of Schleswig-Holstein
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| 1905 | End of Swedish-Norwegian union
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| 1917 | Finland becomes independent
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| 1939-40 |
Soviet-Finnish Winter War
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| 1940-5 |
Denmark and Norway under German occupation
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| 1944 | Iceland becomes independent
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| 1948 | Finnish-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Cooperation
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| 1949 | Denmark and Norway join NATO
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| 1973 | Denmark joins EEC
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| 1991 | Collapse of USSR; end of Finnish-Soviet Treaty
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| 1995 | Sweden and Finland join EU; Norway stays out
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