All the underlined words in the following text refer to something that is mentioned in the text. Read the passage carefully and fill in the gaps. The reference words are presented in the order in which they appear in the text. When filling the gaps, try to use words which appear in the text.
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The Theory of Evolution
The idea of evolution (which is gradual change) was not a new one. The Greeks had thought of it, so had Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles, and also the Frenchman, Lamarck. It is one thing to have an idea; we can all of us guess and sometimes make a lucky guess. It is quite another thing to produce a proof of the correctness of that idea. Darwin thought he had that proof in his notebooks. He saw that all animals had a struggle to survive. Those which were best at surviving their environment passed on the good qualities which had helped them to their descendants. This was called "the survival of the fittest". For example, in a cold climate, those who have the warmest fur will live. Darwin believed that this necessity for an animal to deal with its environment explained the immense variety of creatures.
(From A. M. Newth: Britain and the World (Penguin, 1966))
Reference in the text: linking words and ideas
All the underlined words in the following text refer to something that is mentioned in the text. Read the passage carefully and fill in the gaps. The reference words are presented in the order in which they appear in the text. When filling the gaps, try to use words which appear in the text.
The Theory of Evolution
The idea of evolution (which is gradual change) was not a new one. The Greeks had thought of it, so had Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles, and also the Frenchman, Lamarck. It is one thing to have an idea; we can all of us guess and sometimes make a lucky guess. It is quite another thing to produce a proof of the correctness of that idea. Darwin thought he had that proof in his notebooks. He saw that all animals had a struggle to survive. Those which were best at surviving their environment passed on the good qualities which had helped them to their descendants. This was called "the survival of the fittest". For example, in a cold climate, those who have the warmest fur will live. Darwin believed that this necessity for an animal to deal with its environment explained the immense variety of creatures.