We have previously shown that the properties of FFF printed parts can be controlled by the printing design and layer orientation. This paper expands on this work and shows how finite element homgenisation techniques can give a better description of printed material properties for design.

See “Investigation of the effect of raster angle, build orientation and infill density on the elastic response of 3D printed parts using Finite Element microstructural modelling and homogenization techniques”, Hassan Gonabadi, Yao Chen, Arti Yadav, and Steve Bull, Int. J. Adv. Manufact. Technol., (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07940-4.