Symmetry Pages

Categorisation by Class: All

Symmetry Pages

Operations Order Schönflies
Symbol
International
Symbol
Full
Symmetry
Symbol
Correlation
Table
Irred. Rep.
products
× i Isomorph.
with
Cubic
E, 4C3, 4C32, 3C2 12 T 23 23   Th  
E, 8C3, 3C2, 3σv, i, 8S6 24 Th m3 2/m-3   Th  
E, 6C4, 8C3, 3C2, 6C2 24 O 432 432   Oh Td
E, 8C3, 3C2, 6S4, 6σd 24 Td -43m -43m correlation Oh O
E, 8C3, 6C2, 6C4, 3C2’, i, 6S4, 8S6, 3σh, 6σd 48 Oh m3m 4/m-32/m correlation Oh  
Tetragonal
E, C4, C2, C43 4 C4 4 4   C4h S4
E, S4, C2, S43 4 S4 -4 -4 correlation C4h C4
E, C4, C2, C43, i, S43, σh, S4 8 C4h 4/m 4/m correlation C4h  
E, 2C4, C2, 2C2’, 2C2’’ 8 D4 422 422   D4h C4v, D2d
E, 2C4, C2, 2σv, 2σd 8 C4v 4mm 4mm correlation D4h D4, D2d
E, 2S4, C2, 2C2’, 2σd 8 D2d(Vd) -42m -42m correlation D4h D4, C4v
E, 2C4, C2, 2C2’, 2C2’’, i, 2S4, σh, 2σv, 2σd 16 D4h 4/mmm 4/m4/m4/m correlation D4h  
Orthorhombic
E, C2, C2’, C2’’ 4 D2(V) 222 222   D2h C2v, C2h
E, C2, σv, σv 4 C2v mm2 mm2 correlation D2h D2, C2h
E, C2, C2’, C2’’, i, σ, σ’, σ’’ 8 D2h(Vh) mmm 2/m2/m2/m correlation D2h  
Rhombic symmetry for defects in cubic crystals is often divided into two types:
Type I: C2 coincides with the [110] direction and C2’ and C2’’ with [001] and [1-10] directions respectively (or, σv and σv’ coincide with the planes (1-10) and (001)). Also belonging to type I are centres for which C2 coincides with [001] and σv and σv’ with (110) and (1-10).
Type II: C2 axis coincides with [001] and the axes C2’ and C2’’ with [100] and [010], (or, alternatively, σv and σv’ coincide with (010) and (100)).
Monoclinic
E, C2 2 C2 2 2   C2h Cs, Ci
E, σh 2 Cs(C1h) m m   C2h C2, Ci
E, C2, i, σh 4 C2h 2/m 2/m correlation C2h D2, C2v
Monoclinic symmetry for defects in cubic crystals is often divided into two types:
Type I: C2 coincides with <110> or σh with (110)
Type II: C2 coincides with <100> or σh with (100)
Triclinic
E 1 C1 1 1   Ci
E, i 2 Ci(S2) -1 -1   Ci Cs, C2
Trigonal
E, C3, C32 3 C3 3 3   S6  
E, C3, C32, i, S65, S6 6 S6(C3i) -3 -3 correlation S6 C6, C3h
E, 2C3, 3C2 6 D3 32 32   D3d C3v
E, 2C3, 3σv 6 C3v 3m 3m correlation D3d D3
E, 2C3, 3C2, i, 2S6, 3σd 12 D3d -3m -32/m correlation D3d C6v, D6, D3h
Hexagonal
E, C6, C3, C2, C32, C65 6 C6 6 6   C6h S6, C3h
E, C3, C32, σh, S3, S32 6 C3h(S3) -6 -6 correlation C6h S6, C6
E, C6, C3, C2, C32, C65, i, S32, S65, σh, S6, S3 12 C6h 6/m 6/m correlation C6h  
E, 2C6, 2C3, C2, 3C2’, 3C2’’ 12 D6 622 622   D6h C6v, D3d, D3h
E, 2C6, 2C3, C2, 3σv, 3σd 12 C6v 6mm 6mm correlation D6h D6, D3d, D3h
E, 2C3, 3C2, σh, 2S3, 3σv 12 D3h -6m2 -6m2 correlation D6h D6, D3d, C6v
E, 2C6, 2C5, C2, 3C2’, 3C2’’, i, 2S3, 2S6, σh, 3σd, 3σv 24 D6h 6/mmm 6/m2/m2/m correlation D6h  
Non-Crystallographic
E, 2Cφ C -   - Ch  
E, 2Cφ, i, 2Sφ Ch ∞/m -   - Ch  
E, 2Cφ, ∞σv Cv m -   - Dh  
E, 2Cφ, ∞σv, i, 2Sφ, ∞C2 Dh ∞/mm -   - Dh  
E, C5, C52, C53,  C54 5 C5 5 -   S10  
E, S8, C4, S83, C2, S85, C43, S87 8 S8 - - correlation C8h  
E, 2C5, 2C52, 5C2 10 D5 - -   D5d C5v
E, 2C5, 2C52, 5σv 10 C5v - - correlation D5d D5
E, C5, C52, C53, C54, σh, S5, S57, S53, S59 10 C5h - - correlation C10h  
E, 2S8, 2C4, 2S83, C2, 4C2’, 4σd 16 D4d - - correlation D8h  
E, 2C5, 2C52, 5C2, i, 2S10, 2S103, 5σd 20 D5d - - correlation D5d D5h
E, 2C5, 2C52, 5C2, σh, 2S5, 2S52, 5σd 20 D5h - - correlation D10h D5d
E, 2S12, 2C6, 2S4, 2C3, 2S125, C2, 6C2’, 6σd 24 D6d - - correlation D12h  
E, 12C5, 12C52, 20C3, 15C2 60 I - -   Ih  
E, 12C5, 12C52, 20C3, 15C2, i, 12S10, 12S103, 20S6, 15σ 120 Ih - -   Ih  

This table lists point group symmetries along with their symmetry operations, the order of the group (i.e. the number of symmetry operations) and common notations.maps to symbollinks to a correlation table, and ⊗ links to tables of products of irreducible representations. The group produced by combination with inversion is listed under "× i". This, in the case of crystolographic point groups, is the Laue class which corresponds to the symmetry of reciprocal space. Isomorphic groups are also listed where character tables are available.

Revised: © University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK